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Hebrews 9:16-28

Sunday Morning Bible Study

September 23, 2018

Announce

We wanted to take a few minutes this morning and give you a peek into some future things

How many of you have a smart phone?

Would you mind taking it out for a minute?

Open up your texting app.

Put this number into the address:  77977

Type in this message: “ccfullerton give” (it’s not caps sensitive)

Send the message.

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If you click on the link, you will find yourself on our new “PushPay” page.

You can even reach this PushPay page from our website on your computer.

It’s a new way to give, right from your phone.  Don’t take time to do it now, but if you complete the page, put in your credit card, verify it, then you will have a simple way to give to the church with just a few clicks.

We know that fewer and fewer of you actually write checks, or carry cash, and this will open up a new, easier, funner way for you to give.

You can use either a credit card, debit card, or set up an ACH withdrawal from your checking account.

There ARE fees involved that you should know about.  There’s a 1% fee for ACH payments, 2% for debit cards, and 3% for credit cards.

You will be given the option to add 2.2% to your gift to cover the charges before you give your gift if you wish.

Do you have to use PushPay to give?

Absolutely not.
You can still give through a check or cash in the offering – and those don’t carry any processing charges.
We don’t necessarily want to change the way you give, we’re just looking to the future and trying to make it easier for those of you who struggle with checks.

But wait … there’s more!

With PushPay, we will soon be able to allow you to pay for things like retreats, books for classes, and more, all with a click on your phone.

And the best is still coming…

In a few weeks we will be rolling out a new church APP on the Apple and Google app stores.
The app will tie in the PushPay giving.
If you were to give now using the text to pay feature, DON’T download PushPay’s general app, because our own app is coming.
We are working on a full featured app with links to our media content – webcast, audio, etc.
It will have ties to our Facebook and Instagram pages.
It will allow us to send out notifications – like prayer requests, retreat signups, and special events.
It will allow us to publish our own daily Bible reading schedule, sermon notes, and signups for events like retreats and classes.
It will have connections to the church calendar, and we’re hoping will one day replace your paper bulletin.
 

Introduction

We don’t know for sure who wrote the book of Hebrews, but we do have a pretty good idea of who it was written to.

Hebrews was written to Jewish believers.

The author expects the readers to be well acquainted with Levitical worship and sacrifice.
He will constantly quote the Old Testament in a way that expects that the reader understands what he’s talking about.

We also know that these believers were encountering very strong persecution.

Times were so bad that some were beginning to wonder if they shouldn’t quit following Jesus.

We will see three elements woven throughout this letter to the Hebrews.

1. Both Testaments

Even though the Old Testament has become “obsolete” (Heb. 8:13), the entire book of Hebrews is built upon the clear foundation of the Old Testament.
(Hebrews 8:13 NKJV) In that He says, “A new covenant,” He has made the first obsolete. Now what is becoming obsolete and growing old is ready to vanish away.
You aren’t going to understand Hebrews, or even the New Testament correctly unless you learn the Old Testament.

2. Jesus is superior

He’s superior to angels, Moses, and the Torah.
He’s superior to the Levitical priests and their sacrifices.

3. Don’t quit

The ultimate goal of the book is to encourage those who are struggling with difficult times, and help them to endure.

Last week Caleb gave us the great comparison of Moses’ sacrifices with those of Jesus.

The Law of Moses made your relationship with God dependent on what you do.

The salvation that Jesus brings is dependent on what He has done by dying for us.

The sacrifices prescribed by the Law of Moses offered a level of cleansing of the flesh.

The once-for-all sacrifice of Jesus brings deep cleansing, all the way down to our conscience.

This week we are going to see another comparison between the Old Testament and the New Testament.

9:16-22 Contrasting Wills

:16 For where there is a testament, there must also of necessity be the death of the testator.

:16 where there is a testament

testament - diatheke – contract, will

We’ve talked about this word in the sense of a contract, a covenant, as in an agreement between man and God.
The Old Testament was the contract established in the days of Moses.
The New Testament is the contract established by Jesus.
In our current passage, the writer shifts to a parallel idea of diatheke, that of a “will” as in a “last will and testament…”
We’re going to look at the Old and New Testaments as if they were the “Old and New Wills”.

:16 the death of the testator

testator - diatithemai - to arrange, dispose of, one’s own affairs; of something that belongs to one; to dispose of by will, make a testament; to make a covenant, enter into a covenant, with one

Aorist middle participle
This is the one who has made a “will”.

testator – the author of the “will”

How many of you have been the beneficiaries of someone else’s “will”, and have received the promised benefits of that will?

Did you receive your inheritance before or after the “testator” died?
A “Last Will and Testament” doesn’t come into effect until the person who has made out the will dies.

:17 For a testament is in force after men are dead, since it has no power at all while the testator lives.

in force - bebaios - stable, fast, firm; metaph. sure, trusty

power - ischuo - to be strong; to have power; to be serviceable

The value and benefits of a person’s “will” don’t take effect until they have died.

:18 Therefore not even the first covenant was dedicated without blood.

was dedicated - egkainizo - to renew; to do anew, again; to initiate, consecrate, dedication

:18 first dedicated …blood

The Old Covenant was all about pictures and models.

The Tabernacle was a picture of heaven.
The sacrificial system was also about substitutes.
The animals sacrificed took the place of the worshipper.
Ultimately, the animals were a model or picture of the One Perfect Sacrifice – Jesus.

Blood is also a picture.

(Leviticus 17:11 NKJV) For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it to you upon the altar to make atonement for your souls; for it is the blood that makes atonement for the soul.
Blood is set up by God to be a picture of life.
When an animal sheds it’s blood, it is giving up its life.

So was there a “life” given that initiated the Old Testament or “will”?  Was blood spilled?

There certainly will be with the New Testament…

:19 For when Moses had spoken every precept to all the people according to the law, he took the blood of calves and goats, with water, scarlet wool, and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book itself and all the people,

:19 water, scarlet wool, and hyssop

These aren’t mentioned in the Exodus account, but they are mentioned in the rituals concerning the cleansing from leprosy, and the creation of the ashes of the red heifer.

(Leviticus 14:4 NKJV) then the priest shall command to take for him who is to be cleansed two living and clean birds, cedar wood, scarlet, and hyssop.
(Numbers 19:6 NKJV) And the priest shall take cedar wood and hyssop and scarlet, and cast them into the midst of the fire burning the heifer.

:20 saying, “This is the blood of the covenant which God has commanded you.”

commanded - entellomai - to order, command to be done, enjoin

:20 This is the blood of the covenant

We’re going to go back to the time of the giving of the Ten Commandments…

Video:  The Ten Commandments – Stone Tablets

The time we’re concerned with takes place just before the stone tablets.

After having made it through the Red Sea, the Israelites had all gathered at the base of Mount Sinai where they heard God speak the Ten Commandments (Ex. 20).

(Exodus 20:18–19 NKJV) —18 Now all the people witnessed the thunderings, the lightning flashes, the sound of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking; and when the people saw it, they trembled and stood afar off. 19 Then they said to Moses, “You speak with us, and we will hear; but let not God speak with us, lest we die.”

Moses would go up further on the mountain and receive four chapters’ worth of commandments.

Then Moses came back down the mountain and met with the people.

(Exodus 24:3–8 NKJV) —3 So Moses came and told the people all the words of the Lord and all the judgments. And all the people answered with one voice and said, “All the words which the Lord has said we will do.” 4 And Moses wrote all the words of the Lord. And he rose early in the morning, and built an altar at the foot of the mountain, and twelve pillars according to the twelve tribes of Israel. 5 Then he sent young men of the children of Israel, who offered burnt offerings and sacrificed peace offerings of oxen to the Lord. 6 And Moses took half the blood and put it in basins, and half the blood he sprinkled on the altar. 7 Then he took the Book of the Covenant and read in the hearing of the people. And they said, “All that the Lord has said we will do, and be obedient.” 8 And Moses took the blood, sprinkled it on the people, and said, “This is the blood of the covenant which the Lord has made with you according to all these words.”
So Moses took the blood from these oxen and sprinkled it on the people.  The oxen blood was the “death” that inaugurated Moses’ covenant.
It’s after this that Moses would go up the mountain and receive the commandments carved in stone.

Does that phrase “this is the blood of the covenant” sound familiar to you?

At the Last Supper, Jesus took the cup and said,
(Matthew 26:28 NKJV) For this is My blood of the new covenant, which is shed for many for the remission of sins.

Both covenants were started, inaugurated, or “dedicated” (v.18) with blood.

Hebrews 9:20:
τοῦτο τὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης ἧς ἐνετείλατο πρὸς ὑμᾶς ὁ θεός[1]
Mat. 26:28:
τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου, τὸ τῆς καινῆς διαθήκης, τὸ περὶ πολλῶν ἐκχυνόμενον εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν.[2]

 

Back to Moses and the first covenant…

:21 Then likewise he sprinkled with blood both the tabernacle and all the vessels of the ministry.

:21 sprinkled with blood both the tabernacle

of the ministry - leitourgia - a public office which a citizen undertakes to administer at his own expense; a service or ministry of the priests relative to the prayers and sacrifices offered to God

sprinkled - rhantizo - to sprinkle; to cleanse by sprinkling, hence to purify, cleanse

At the end of the book of Exodus, Moses has built the Tabernacle and all the various parts of it according to the blueprints he had seen while on Mount Sinai with God.

We are told that they anointed these things with the anointing oil, though we aren’t told about the blood.

(Exodus 40:9–11 NKJV) —9 “And you shall take the anointing oil, and anoint the tabernacle and all that is in it; and you shall hallow it and all its utensils, and it shall be holy. 10 You shall anoint the altar of the burnt offering and all its utensils, and consecrate the altar. The altar shall be most holy. 11 And you shall anoint the laver and its base, and consecrate it.

:22 And according to the law almost all things are purified with blood, and without shedding of blood there is no remission.

:22 almost all things are purified with blood

almostschedon – near, hard by; well nigh, nearly, almost

Blood was the normal way that sin was atoned for, but the writer is just being honest with us that there was one exception.

The cheapest form of blood sacrifice was to offer up two pigeons for your sin, but if you were so poor you couldn’t afford that, then you could bring two quarts of flour (Lev. 5:11-13)

(Leviticus 5:11–13 NKJV) —11 ‘But if he is not able to bring two turtledoves or two young pigeons, then he who sinned shall bring for his offering one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour as a sin offering. He shall put no oil on it, nor shall he put frankincense on it, for it is a sin offering. 12 Then he shall bring it to the priest, and the priest shall take his handful of it as a memorial portion, and burn it on the altar according to the offerings made by fire to the Lord. It is a sin offering. 13 The priest shall make atonement for him, for his sin that he has committed in any of these matters; and it shall be forgiven him. The rest shall be the priest’s as a grain offering.’ ”

Lesson

Poor is okay

The point of this “exception” was to demonstrate that though sin required a price be paid, even a poor person could find forgiveness.
Some folks have this notion that our goal in life should be to become wealthy.
That’s not on God’s agenda for you.
Video:  Kids Playing basketball with wheelchairs
God’s agenda for you is heaven.
He doesn’t care about what you consider to be handicaps.
(Luke 9:58 NKJV) And Jesus said to him, “Foxes have holes and birds of the air have nests, but the Son of Man has nowhere to lay His head.”

:22 without shedding of blood there is no remission

shedding of bloodhaimatekchusia (“blood” + “pour out”) – shedding of blood

remission - aphesis - release from bondage or imprisonment; letting sins go as if they had never been committed

We call this “forgiveness”

Lesson

Forgiveness requires blood

Sin comes with a high price tag:  Death.
(Romans 6:23 NKJV) For the wages of sin is death…
When you show up to work at “Sin Inc.”, you will find that the wage you are paid at the end of the week is “death”.
Video:  Kid breaks neighbors window with baseball

If I was the person whose window just got broken, I’d like to know who is going to pay for the window.

For me and the kid to act as if the window was never broken, somebody pays – either the kid, his parents, or me.

Somebody has to pay.

The issue here isn’t a broken window, but our sin against God.
(Romans 3:23 NKJV) for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,
Again problem – who is going to pay for our sin?
If you or I pay, then it means “death”, or eternity in hell.
God doesn’t want you to pay that debt, so He’s made a way for someone to pay your price.
The entire Old Testament sacrificial system sets up the idea of substitution.
An animal dies in your place as a picture of something greater coming.
More specifically, the animal’s blood is spilt as a picture of it’s life being poured out for you.

(Leviticus 17:11 NKJV) For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it to you upon the altar to make atonement for your souls; for it is the blood that makes atonement for the soul.

This is what Jesus did for us.
John the Baptist said of Jesus,

(John 1:29 NKJV) … “Behold! The Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world!

The night before He died, He said,

(Matthew 26:28 NKJV) For this is My blood of the new covenant, which is shed for many for the remission of sins.

Lesson #2

Overcoming guilt

I think one of the world’s greatest problems is what to do with our guilt.
There will be a day when Satan will be cast out of heaven.  He is called the “accuser of the brethren” and he will bring horrible persecution to believers.
But the believers will overcome Satan.

(Revelation 12:11 NKJV) And they overcame him by the blood of the Lamb and by the word of their testimony, and they did not love their lives to the death.

When Satan comes to “accuse” you and tell you that God could never love you, here’s how you respond:

You have been covered by the blood of the Lamb.

All your sins have been forgiven as if they had never been committed.

(Romans 8:34 NKJV) Who is he who condemns? It is Christ who died, and furthermore is also risen, who is even at the right hand of God, who also makes intercession for us.

Some people are turned off at this use of “blood” in our salvation, but it was necessary.
I find it very disturbing that when Mormons have communion, they use bread and water. Why no wine or grape juice? They’ve removed the symbolism of the blood.

9:23-28 Christ’s Sacrifice

:23 Therefore it was necessary that the copies of the things in the heavens should be purified with these, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these.

necessary - anagke - necessity, imposed either by the circumstances, or by law of duty regarding to one’s advantage, custom, argument

copies - hupodeigma - a sign suggestive of anything, delineation of a thing, representation, figure, copy; an example: for imitation

:23 but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices

Since the earthly tabernacle of Moses was just a copy of heaven itself, and since cleansing in the earthly tabernacle came through the sprinkling of blood, then there would be a corresponding picture of a cleansing that takes place in heaven, and it would require a better sacrifice than what was used in the Old Testament.

:24 For Christ has not entered the holy places made with hands, which are copies of the true, but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us;

made with handscheiropoietos – made by the hands i.e the skill of men

copies - antitupos - a thing formed after some pattern; a thing resembling another, its counterpart

to appear - emphanizo - to manifest, exhibit to view; to show one’s self, come to view, appear, be manifest; to indicate, disclose, declare, make known

in the presence - prosopon - the face

:24 to appear in the presence of God for us

Our passage last week alluded to a special day for the Jews, Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement.

Once each year the High Priest (Lev. 16) would enter into the Holy of Holies, before the very presence of God, first to sprinkle the blood of a bull on the Mercy Seat for his own sins, then to sprinkle the blood of a goat on the Mercy Seat for the sins of the nation.

We’ve already seen how Jesus is a better High Priest, and He too did something just like the day of Atonement.

He didn’t enter into the earthly Holy of Holies, but Jesus entered into the very presence of God Himself in heaven.

(Leviticus 16:1–34 NKJV) —1 Now the Lord spoke to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they offered profane fire before the Lord, and died; 2 and the Lord said to Moses: “Tell Aaron your brother not to come at just any time into the Holy Place inside the veil, before the mercy seat which is on the ark, lest he die; for I will appear in the cloud above the mercy seat. 3 “Thus Aaron shall come into the Holy Place: with the blood of a young bull as a sin offering, and of a ram as a burnt offering. 4 He shall put the holy linen tunic and the linen trousers on his body; he shall be girded with a linen sash, and with the linen turban he shall be attired. These are holy garments. Therefore he shall wash his body in water, and put them on. 5 And he shall take from the congregation of the children of Israel two kids of the goats as a sin offering, and one ram as a burnt offering. 6 “Aaron shall offer the bull as a sin offering, which is for himself, and make atonement for himself and for his house. 7 He shall take the two goats and present them before the Lord at the door of the tabernacle of meeting. 8 Then Aaron shall cast lots for the two goats: one lot for the Lord and the other lot for the scapegoat. 9 And Aaron shall bring the goat on which the Lord’s lot fell, and offer it as a sin offering. 10 But the goat on which the lot fell to be the scapegoat shall be presented alive before the Lord, to make atonement upon it, and to let it go as the scapegoat into the wilderness. 11 “And Aaron shall bring the bull of the sin offering, which is for himself, and make atonement for himself and for his house, and shall kill the bull as the sin offering which is for himself. 12 Then he shall take a censer full of burning coals of fire from the altar before the Lord, with his hands full of sweet incense beaten fine, and bring it inside the veil. 13 And he shall put the incense on the fire before the Lord, that the cloud of incense may cover the mercy seat that is on the Testimony, lest he die. 14 He shall take some of the blood of the bull and sprinkle it with his finger on the mercy seat on the east side; and before the mercy seat he shall sprinkle some of the blood with his finger seven times. 15 “Then he shall kill the goat of the sin offering, which is for the people, bring its blood inside the veil, do with that blood as he did with the blood of the bull, and sprinkle it on the mercy seat and before the mercy seat. 16 So he shall make atonement for the Holy Place, because of the uncleanness of the children of Israel, and because of their transgressions, for all their sins; and so he shall do for the tabernacle of meeting which remains among them in the midst of their uncleanness. 17 There shall be no man in the tabernacle of meeting when he goes in to make atonement in the Holy Place, until he comes out, that he may make atonement for himself, for his household, and for all the assembly of Israel. 18 And he shall go out to the altar that is before the Lord, and make atonement for it, and shall take some of the blood of the bull and some of the blood of the goat, and put it on the horns of the altar all around. 19 Then he shall sprinkle some of the blood on it with his finger seven times, cleanse it, and consecrate it from the uncleanness of the children of Israel. 20 “And when he has made an end of atoning for the Holy Place, the tabernacle of meeting, and the altar, he shall bring the live goat. 21 Aaron shall lay both his hands on the head of the live goat, confess over it all the iniquities of the children of Israel, and all their transgressions, concerning all their sins, putting them on the head of the goat, and shall send it away into the wilderness by the hand of a suitable man. 22 The goat shall bear on itself all their iniquities to an uninhabited land; and he shall release the goat in the wilderness. 23 “Then Aaron shall come into the tabernacle of meeting, shall take off the linen garments which he put on when he went into the Holy Place, and shall leave them there. 24 And he shall wash his body with water in a holy place, put on his garments, come out and offer his burnt offering and the burnt offering of the people, and make atonement for himself and for the people. 25 The fat of the sin offering he shall burn on the altar. 26 And he who released the goat as the scapegoat shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in water, and afterward he may come into the camp. 27 The bull for the sin offering and the goat for the sin offering, whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the Holy Place, shall be carried outside the camp. And they shall burn in the fire their skins, their flesh, and their offal. 28 Then he who burns them shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in water, and afterward he may come into the camp. 29 This shall be a statute forever for you: In the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall afflict your souls, and do no work at all, whether a native of your own country or a stranger who dwells among you. 30 For on that day the priest shall make atonement for you, to cleanse you, that you may be clean from all your sins before the Lord. 31 It is a sabbath of solemn rest for you, and you shall afflict your souls. It is a statute forever. 32 And the priest, who is anointed and consecrated to minister as priest in his father’s place, shall make atonement, and put on the linen clothes, the holy garments; 33 then he shall make atonement for the Holy Sanctuary, and he shall make atonement for the tabernacle of meeting and for the altar, and he shall make atonement for the priests and for all the people of the assembly. 34 This shall be an everlasting statute for you, to make atonement for the children of Israel, for all their sins, once a year.” And he did as the Lord commanded Moses.

:25 not that He should offer Himself often, as the high priest enters the Most Holy Place every year with blood of another—

:26 He then would have had to suffer often since the foundation of the world; but now, once at the end of the ages, He has appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of Himself.

:25 the high priest enters the Most Holy Place every year

The Day of Atonement took place every year.

The blood of a bull and a goat was only good for one year.
Jesus’ sacrifice was far greater.  He would only have to offer one sacrifice for all time.

:26 by the sacrifice of Himself

Jesus had a far better sacrifice to offer than the blood of a bull and the blood of a goat.

He had His own blood to offer as a sacrifice.

He died for us.

If the “life is in the blood”, what kind of “life” did Jesus lay down when He died?

Did He lay down a single, human life?
He laid down an infinite, immortal life.
He was able to pay for ALL sin.

You should think twice if you think Jesus could never forgive you.

:27 And as it is appointed for men to die once, but after this the judgment,

appointed - apokeimai - to be laid away, to be destined

:28 so Christ was offered once to bear the sins of many. To those who eagerly wait for Him He will appear a second time, apart from sin, for salvation.

was offeredprosphero – to bring to, lead to; to bring a present or a thing, to reach or hand a thing to one

to bearanaphero – to carry or bring up, to lead up; to put upon the altar, to bring to the altar, to offer

He will appear - optanomai - to look at, behold; to allow one’s self to be seen, to appear

eagerly wait - apekdechomai - assiduously and patiently waiting for

:28 Christ was offered once

Not just talking about a one time sacrifice…

When Jesus came the first time, He came to take care of our sins, to be the sacrifice for our sins.

:28 He will appear a second time

Jesus is going to come a second time, and when He comes, He won’t be coming to take care of sin, but He is going to come and bring in salvation, to set up His kingdom on earth.

Who will benefit at His Second coming?

Those who “eagerly wait” for Him.  Those that are looking forward to His return.

:27 it is appointed for men to die once

Lesson

One chance at life

The eastern religions have brought a terrible lie into our culture.
They tell us that after you die you come back as someone or something else.
The idea is that if you didn’t get life right the first time, you get as many chances as you need.  Do-overs.
The truth is, we all get one chance in life.
And after you die you will face God in judgement.
When it comes to facing God in judgment, some of us have some crazy ideas…
Illustration
Warning:  The following story is not theologically correct on many levels…
A woman finds herself outside the Pearly Gates, where St. Peter greets her. “Am I where I think I am?” she exclaims. “It’s so beautiful! Did I really make it to Heaven?” St. Peter replies, “Yes, my dear, these are the Gates of Heaven. But you must do one thing before you can enter.” Very excited, the woman asks what she must do to pass through the gates. “Spell a word,” St. Peter replies. “What word?” she asks. “Any word,” answers St. Peter. “It’s your choice.”  The woman promptly replies, “The word I will spell is love. L-o-v-e.”
St. Peter congratulates her on her good fortune in making it into Heaven and asks her if she will take his place at the gates for a moment while he runs an errand. “I’d be honored,” she says, “but what should I do if someone comes while you are gone?” St. Peter instructs her to require any newcomers to spell a word, just as she had done.
So the woman takes St. Peter’s place and watches the beautiful angels soaring around her, when lo and behold, a man approaches the gates. It is her husband! “What happened?” she cries. “Why are you here?” Her husband explains, “I was so upset when I left your funeral that I got into an automobile accident. Now I am here, ready to join you in Heaven.” “Not just yet,” the woman replies. “First you must spell a word.” “What word?” he asks. “Czechoslovakia.”
Don’t worry my friends – getting into heaven has nothing to do with your spelling skills.
But there will be “judgment”.
The issue is sin.

You can’t get into heaven if there is sin.

Only Jesus can take away your sin.

The issue at heaven’s gate isn’t how well you spell, it’s what you have done with God’s Son.

Jesus said,

(John 3:17–18 NKJV) —17 For God did not send His Son into the world to condemn the world, but that the world through Him might be saved. 18 “He who believes in Him is not condemned; but he who does not believe is condemned already, because he has not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God.

Are you ready to face God?



[1] Nestle, E., Nestle, E., Aland, B., Aland, K., Karavidopoulos, J., Martini, C. M., & Metzger, B. M. (1993). The Greek New Testament (27th ed., Heb 9:20). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft.

[2] The New Testament in the original Greek: Byzantine Textform 2005, with morphology. (2006). (Mt 26:28). Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software.