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Luke 7:1-10

Sunday Morning Bible Study

August 2, 2015

Introduction

Do people see Jesus? Is the gospel preached? Does it address the person who is: Empty, lonely, guilty, or afraid to die?  Does it speak to the broken hearted? Does it build up the church? Milk – Meat – Manna Preach for a decision Is the church loved? Regular:  2900 words    Communion: 2500 words  Video=75wpm

Luke was a doctor and a travelling companion of the apostle Paul.

He wrote this book while Paul was in prison.

In writing his book, Luke made use of other older documents like the Gospel of Mark, as well as extensive eyewitness accounts.

Jesus’ ministry has begun, and the people have been amazed not just at the things He’s been teaching, but the things He’s been doing.

We just finished an extensive teaching from Jesus.

Jesus has been out in the countryside.

He had been up on a mountain where He appointed His twelve apostles.

He came down from the mountain and had taught the multitudes that had come to listen to His teaching.

(Luke 7:1–10 NKJV) —1 Now when He concluded all His sayings in the hearing of the people, He entered Capernaum. 2 And a certain centurion’s servant, who was dear to him, was sick and ready to die. 3 So when he heard about Jesus, he sent elders of the Jews to Him, pleading with Him to come and heal his servant. 4 And when they came to Jesus, they begged Him earnestly, saying that the one for whom He should do this was deserving, 5 “for he loves our nation, and has built us a synagogue.” 6 Then Jesus went with them. And when He was already not far from the house, the centurion sent friends to Him, saying to Him, “Lord, do not trouble Yourself, for I am not worthy that You should enter under my roof. 7 Therefore I did not even think myself worthy to come to You. But say the word, and my servant will be healed. 8 For I also am a man placed under authority, having soldiers under me. And I say to one, ‘Go,’ and he goes; and to another, ‘Come,’ and he comes; and to my servant, ‘Do this,’ and he does it.” 9 When Jesus heard these things, He marveled at him, and turned around and said to the crowd that followed Him, “I say to you, I have not found such great faith, not even in Israel!” 10 And those who were sent, returning to the house, found the servant well who had been sick.

This morning’s message is all about faith.

7:1-10 The Centurion’s Servant

:1 Now when He concluded all His sayings in the hearing of the people, He entered Capernaum.

concludedpleroo – to make full, to fill up, i.e. to fill to the full; to render full, i.e. to complete

sayingsrhema – that which is or has been uttered by the living voice, thing spoken, word; subject matter of speech, thing spoken of

:1 He entered Capernaum

Video:  Capernaum map clip

As we’ve seen before, Capernaum was a city on the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee.
We will see it as Jesus’ “home base” during the 3 ˝ years of His earthly ministry.

It was a city that mixed cultures, both Jew and Roman.

It was located on a major highway through Israel, the “Via Maris” (Way of the Sea), and a lot of people passed through it.

:2 And a certain centurion’s servant, who was dear to him, was sick and ready to die.

servantdoulos – a slave, bondman, man of servile condition

sickkakos – miserable, to be ill

to dieteleutao – to finish, bring to and end, close; to have an end or close, come to an end

dearentimos – held in honour, prized, precious

:2 a certain centurion

centurionhekatontarches (“hundred” + “leader”) – an officer in the Roman army

A centurion was a commander over a company of soldiers which could be from 100 to 1000 soldiers.

Each Roman “cohort” had six centuries.
Each “legion” had ten cohorts.
Centurions were over soldiers, but they had commanders over them.

Centurions had to be literate, at least 30 years of age, and had already served a few years in the military.

Centurions were chosen for their excellent weapons skills.

Centurions would often suffer heavy casualties in battle because they would lead their soldiers from the front, they were sometimes the first to die in battle.

Centurions were paid at least twice what a normal soldier was paid.

One ancient Roman (Vegetius) wrote that a centurion,

…is to be vigilant, temperate, active and readier to execute the orders he receives than to talk; strict in exercising and keeping up proper discipline among his soldiers…
(Vegetius. De Re Militari,[15] II, 14)

The Greek historian Polybius wrote that it was the best men in the army that held the position of “centurion”.

There were several centurions mentioned in the gospels and Acts, and they are all fine men.
One of them was at the cross when Jesus was crucified, and said an amazing thing (Mark 15:39)

(Mark 15:39 NKJV) So when the centurion, who stood opposite Him, saw that He cried out like this and breathed His last, he said, “Truly this Man was the Son of God!”

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Indeed, the centurions mentioned in the Bible were truly John Wayne type characters.

It was a centurion that would be the first Gentile to respond to the message of the Gospel in the Book of Acts, a man named Cornelius. (Acts 10)

:3 So when he heard about Jesus, he sent elders of the Jews to Him, pleading with Him to come and heal his servant.

he sentapostello – to order (one) to go to a place appointed

pleadingerotao – to question; to ask; to request, entreat, beg, beseech

healdiasozo – to preserve through danger, to bring safely through; to save, i.e. cure one who is sick, bring him through; to save, keep from perishing

The centurion didn’t go himself, but he sent some friends to talk to Jesus.

:4 And when they came to Jesus, they begged Him earnestly, saying that the one for whom He should do this was deserving,

cameparaginomai – to be present, to come near, approach; to come forth, make one’s public appearance

beggedparakaleo – to call to one’s side, call for, summon; to address, speak to, (call to, call upon), which may be done in the way of exhortation, entreaty, comfort, instruction, etc.; to beg, entreat, beseech

earnestlyspoudaios – hastily, with haste; diligently; earnestly

deservingaxios – weighing, having weight, having the weight of another thing of like value, worth as much; befitting, congruous, corresponding to a thing; of one who has merited anything worthy

He should doparecho – to reach forth, offer; to show, afford, supply; to be the authors of, or to cause one to have; to offer, show or present one’s self; to exhibit or offer on one’s own part

Future active indicative

:5 “for he loves our nation, and has built us a synagogue.”

:5 he loves our nation

he lovesagapao – to love, to feel and exhibit esteem and goodwill to a person, to prize and delight in a thing.

nationethnos – a multitude (whether of men or of beasts) associated or living together; a multitude of individuals of the same nature or genus; a tribe, nation, people group

We’re going to see some interesting qualities about this centurion, a man that Jesus will characterize as a man of “faith”.

Lesson

Faith and Love

The Jewish elders sent to ask for Jesus’ help went because this centurion was known for loving the Jewish people.
Jewish leaders in Israel typically had little love for their Roman masters, and especially the army.
But this man is different.  This man loves (agapao) the Jews.
Later, when the centurion sends his “friends” to Jesus (vs. 6), the word for “friends” is,
friendsphilos – a friend; an associate, a companion

It’s from the word phileo, another Greek word for “love”.

This man has friends that he loves and love him.

The “servant” the centurion is concerned about is one that is “dear”.
dearentimos – held in honor, precious
When the centurion asks Jesus to just say the word so his servant would be healed (vs. 7), the word he uses for “servant” is,

servantpais – a child, boy or girl

This isn’t a term of snobbery, as if the servant were as lowly as a child, but one of endearment.

The centurion truly cares for his servant.

If we truly follow Jesus, we will learn to love like He loves.
(John 13:34–35 NKJV) —34 A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another; as I have loved you, that you also love one another. 35 By this all will know that you are My disciples, if you have love for one another.”

A person who claims to know Jesus but whose life is characterized by criticizing, condemning, and hating others needs to take a long look in the mirror.  With a picture of Jesus next to them.

Jesus said the chief characteristic that shows we follow Him is that we know how to love.

Video:  Mom Goggles
More than “Mom Goggles”, we need “Jesus Goggles”.  We need to learn to see other people like Jesus sees them.  We need to love them like Jesus loves them.

:5 and has built us a synagogue

has built – oikodomeo – to build a house, erect a building

Lesson

Faith and Deeds

We’ve said this many time, but a person who claims to have faith in God will have a life characterized by good deeds.
James wrote,
(James 2:18–20 NKJV) —18 But someone will say, “You have faith, and I have works.” Show me your faith without your works, and I will show you my faith by my works. 19 You believe that there is one God. You do well. Even the demons believe—and tremble! 20 But do you want to know, O foolish man, that faith without works is dead?

We do not believed that we are saved from hell by doing good works.

We are saved from hell because Jesus died on a cross to pay for our sins.  We are saved by His grace. When we came to have faith, to trust our lives into Jesus’ hands, He forgave us and gave us eternal life.

But the proof of whether or not we really came to know God is that our lives will change.

We will turn our backs on sin.

We will start to do good things.

Jesus taught us to do good things for others without expecting anything in return.
(Luke 6:35 NKJV) But love your enemies, do good, and lend, hoping for nothing in return; and your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Most High. For He is kind to the unthankful and evil.

A person who has faith in Jesus must learn to do good to others whether they respond or not.

This is how God treats us.

Sometimes we actually get a return for our good deeds, though in unexpected places.
The book of Esther is the story of how God saved the Jews from annihilation.

In the story, a Jew named Mordecai saved the life of the King of Persia when he uncovered a plot to assassinate the king.

Mordecai wasn’t rewarded for this, but he did it because it was the right thing to do.

A man named Haman hated the Jews, and he especially hated Mordecai because Mordecai wouldn’t bow before Haman.

It was because of his hatred toward Mordecai that Haman tricked the king of Persia into signing a law that allowed for all the Jews to be killed.

But God was faithful in preserving the Jews, and things began to change on a night the king of Persia couldn’t sleep.  So he just happened to ask for some reading material …

(Esther 6:2 NKJV) And it was found written that Mordecai had told of Bigthana and Teresh, two of the king’s eunuchs, the doorkeepers who had sought to lay hands on King Ahasuerus.

As Haman’s plot to kill the Jews was stopped, it was this crucial piece of information that had set it all up.

Mordecai was a man known for doing good.

His good deeds gave him the reputation of a man who could be trusted.

You may wonder why you should keep doing good things.
You may be tempted to quit at times, wondering if it’s all worth it.
Paul wrote,

(Galatians 6:9 NKJV) And let us not grow weary while doing good, for in due season we shall reap if we do not lose heart.

You may not reap a reward from the people you help, but you will one day reap a reward from God.

:6 Then Jesus went with them. And when He was already not far from the house, the centurion sent friends to Him, saying to Him, “Lord, do not trouble Yourself, for I am not worthy that You should enter under my roof.

friendsphilos – a friend; an associate; he who associates familiarly with one, a companion

troubleskullo – to skin, flay; to rend, mangle; to vex, trouble, annoy

worthyhikanos – sufficient; many enough, enough

roofstege – a roof: of a house

:7 Therefore I did not even think myself worthy to come to You. But say the word, and my servant will be healed.

think … worthyaxioo – to think fit, right; to judge worthy, deserving

will be healediaomai – to cure, heal; to make whole

Future passive indicative

servantpais – a child, boy or girl; infants, children; servant, slave

Luke described the person as a doulos, but the centurion called him a pais.

I’m not sure this is some sort of snobbery on the centurion’s part, this seems to be affection.

Is this a form of one of the words John in his epistles to his beloved readers?

Not so – the usual word was teknion
He did use a diminuitive paidion in
(1 John 2:13 NKJV) —13 I write to you, fathers, Because you have known Him who is from the beginning. I write to you, young men, Because you have overcome the wicked one. I write to you, little children, Because you have known the Father.
(1 John 2:18 NKJV) —18 Little children, it is the last hour; and as you have heard that the Antichrist is coming, even now many antichrists have come, by which we know that it is the last hour.

:7 I did not even think myself worthy

Lesson

Faith and Humility

Look at the words that the centurion used to describe himself to Jesus.
In vs. 6, he was not “worthy” of Jesus coming under his roof.

worthyhikanos – sufficient; enough

In vs. 7 he did not “think himself worthy” to come to Jesus personally.

think … worthyaxioo – to think fit, right; to judge worthy, deserving

Even though the centurion didn’t think he was “worthy” of coming to Jesus, the elders who delivered the first message certainly thought he was worthy of Jesus’ help (vs. 4).

deservingaxios – weighing, having weight; of one who has merited anything worthy

The centurion is concerned that if Jesus goes all the way to his house, that it will cause “trouble” for Jesus (vs. 6).

troubleskullo – to skin, flay; to rend, mangle; to vex, trouble, annoy

Self pride is an evil thing.
It’s what was behind the fall of Satan (Isaiah 14:12-15)

(Isaiah 14:12–15 NKJV) —12 “How you are fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! How you are cut down to the ground, You who weakened the nations! 13 For you have said in your heart: ‘I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God; I will also sit on the mount of the congregation On the farthest sides of the north; 14 I will ascend above the heights of the clouds, I will be like the Most High.’ 15 Yet you shall be brought down to Sheol, To the lowest depths of the Pit.

It was the chief character trait of Haman, the man that wanted to annihilate the Jews in the book of Esther. (Est. 5:11)

(Esther 5:11 NKJV) Then Haman told them of his great riches, the multitude of his children, everything in which the king had promoted him, and how he had advanced him above the officials and servants of the king.

You too may feel like you’ve accomplished a few things in life, but humility requires that you are never beyond learning more.

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Biblical humility is not about having low self-esteem to the point where you think of yourself worse than you are.
It’s about thinking properly about yourself.
It’s knowing that God is so much higher than you are.
It’s about learning to think more of others than you think of yourself.
Watch Albert Pujols at last month’s All Star Homerun Derby

Video:  Albert Pujols 2015 Homerun Derby Hug

Everyone knows that Albert will one day be in the Hall of Fame.  Yet he was humble enough to congratulate the kid that beat him (Joc Pederson), and give a huge hug to the kid’s older brother (Champ) who has Down’s Syndrome.

It’s being like Jesus.

(Philippians 2:5–8 NLT) —5 You must have the same attitude that Christ Jesus had. 6 Though he was God, he did not think of equality with God as something to cling to. 7 Instead, he gave up his divine privileges; he took the humble position of a slave and was born as a human being. When he appeared in human form, 8 he humbled himself in obedience to God and died a criminal’s death on a cross.

:8 For I also am a man placed under authority, having soldiers under me. And I say to one, ‘Go,’ and he goes; and to another, ‘Come,’ and he comes; and to my servant, ‘Do this,’ and he does it.”

authorityexousia – power of choice; the power of authority (influence) and of right (privilege); the power of rule or government (the power of him whose will and commands must be submitted to by others and obeyed)

placedtasso – to put in order, to station; to place in a certain order, to arrange, to assign a place, to appoint

This is the root of hupotasso, the word for “submit”.

In fact the “hupo” part of “submit” is in the sentence as well.

The centurion was a man placed “under” authority.

soldiersstratiotes – a (common) soldier

Goporeuomai – to lead over, carry over, transfer; to pursue the journey on which one has entered, to continue on one’s journey

Comeerchomai – to come

servantdoulos – a slave, bondman, man of servile condition

Dopoieo – to make; to do

:8 a man placed under authority

placedtasso – to put in order; to place in a certain order, to assign a place

This is the root of hupotasso, the word for “submit”.
In fact the “hupo” (“under”) part of “submit” is in the sentence as well.
The centurion was a man placed “under” authority.

Lesson

Faith and Authority

The centurion’s faith was directly tied to his understanding of authority.
He was a man of orders and authority.

As a man under authority he knew how to obey his superior’s orders.

As an officer himself, if he gives an order, it is obeyed.

This was why he knew that Jesus only had to give an order and the servant’s disease would be healed.

He recognized Jesus as having the authority to command healing, and he believed it.

Submission is an ugly thing that we all need to learn.
Employees are supposed to learn to “submit”…

(Ephesians 6:5 NKJV) Bondservants, be obedient to those who are your masters according to the flesh, with fear and trembling, in sincerity of heart, as to Christ;

Children are supposed to “obey” …

(Ephesians 6:1 NKJV) Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right.

Wives are to submit …

(Ephesians 5:22 NKJV) Wives, submit to your own husbands, as to the Lord.

Peter even links this kind of submission to faith.  Holy women in ancient times weren’t beautiful just because of their makeup or jewelry, but because of submission.

(1 Peter 3:5 NKJV) For in this manner, in former times, the holy women who trusted in God also adorned themselves, being submissive to their own husbands,

If you aren’t willing to submit where you need to, one of the root issues is “trust”.

You don’t trust in your husband to make the right decision.

You don’t trust God to work it all out.

Some of us like to boss others around, but do we understand what it is to obey orders?

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Gentlemen, for all of you who think that because you are the “head” of the house that this gets you off the hook with submission, you’re wrong.

Before Paul tells employees to submit to their bosses, children to obey parents, and wives to submit to husbands, he says this,

(Ephesians 5:21 NKJV) submitting to one another in the fear of God.

We all need to learn submission.

And if you want to look at the context and see what submission comes from, it comes from being filled with the Holy Spirit (Eph. 5:18).

(Ephesians 5:18–21 NKJV) —18 And do not be drunk with wine, in which is dissipation; but be filled with the Spirit, 19 speaking to one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making melody in your heart to the Lord, 20 giving thanks always for all things to God the Father in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, 21 submitting to one another in the fear of God.

Paul’s grammar in Ephesians 5 is indicating that if you are filled with the Holy Spirit, certain things will result, including learning to submit.

Before you can have “great faith”, you need to figure out submission.
You may think you have great reasons not to submit to another person, but be careful that your reason isn’t simply a lack of faith on your part.

:9 When Jesus heard these things, He marveled at him, and turned around and said to the crowd that followed Him, “I say to you, I have not found such great faith, not even in Israel!”

:9 He marveled at him

marveledthaumazo – to wonder, wonder at, marvel

The last time Luke used this word, it was the crowds being amazed at Jesus’ “gracious words” (Luke 4:22)

We’ve seen the crowds marveling at Jesus (Luke 4:22), but Jesus is marveling at this man.

(Luke 4:22 NKJV) So all bore witness to Him, and marveled at the gracious words which proceeded out of His mouth. And they said, “Is this not Joseph’s son?”

turned aroundstrepho – to turn, turn around

such greattosoutos – of quantity: so great, so many

faithpistis – conviction of the truth of anything, belief; in the NT of a conviction or belief respecting man’s relationship to God and divine things, generally with the included idea of trust and holy fervor born of faith and joined with it; fidelity, faithfulness

foundheurisko – to come upon, hit upon, to meet with; to find by enquiry, thought, examination, scrutiny, observation, to find out by practice and experience

:9 I have not found such great faith

To “find” implies He was looking for great faith.

Lesson

Jesus is looking for faith

Growing your faith into “great faith” requires some exercise.
When I was in the hospital four years ago with an intestinal bleed, I got out of the hospital in a very weak condition.
I couldn’t hardly walk 100 yards without becoming exhausted.
But I didn’t stop walking.  I kept walking every day.
I now walk four miles every day.  It took some time to build up to that, but even more it simply took practice. 
Faith can grow great if you learn to exercise it.
My working definition of “faith” is:  Trusting in something that you don’t see.
My definition comes from:

(Hebrews 11:1 NLT) Faith is the confidence that what we hope for will actually happen; it gives us assurance about things we cannot see.

If you are going to grow in your faith by exercising it, expect to find yourself in situations that you don’t understand.

Expect to find yourself in situations that are difficult.

God is exercising, stretching your faith.

You may fail at times.  You may make mistakes.  But your faith “muscles” will grow.

You need to keep exercising.

Jesus said He had not “found” such faith before, but He’s been looking.
Hanani the prophet told King Asa,

(2 Chronicles 16:9 NKJV) For the eyes of the Lord run to and fro throughout the whole earth, to show Himself strong on behalf of those whose heart is loyal to Him.

God is looking for faith.

:10 And those who were sent, returning to the house, found the servant well who had been sick.

returninghupostrepho – to turn back; to turn about; to return

foundheurisko – to come upon, hit upon, to meet with; to find by enquiry, thought, examination, scrutiny, observation, to find out by practice and experience

servantdoulos – a slave, bondman, man of servile condition

sickastheneo – to be weak, feeble, to be without strength, powerless; to be feeble, sick

wellhugiaino – to be sound, to be well, to be in good health

:10 found the servant well

Lesson

Faith’s results

When Jesus healed the woman who touched the hem of His garment,
(Luke 8:48 NKJV) And He said to her, “Daughter, be of good cheer; your faith has made you well. Go in peace.”
He said the same thing when He healed the leper (Luke 17:19) and the blind man (Luke 18:42), their faith had made them well.
(Luke 17:19 NKJV) And He said to him, “Arise, go your way. Your faith has made you well.”
(Luke 18:42 NKJV) Then Jesus said to him, “Receive your sight; your faith has made you well.”
Has your faith made you “well”?
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It’s not the rain we’re counting on, it’s Jesus.

Jesus may not bring physical healing each time you ask (though He can), but He can still make you “well”.
Paul had some kind of a thorn in the flesh and he begged Jesus three times to take it away.

(2 Corinthians 12:9 NKJV) And He said to me, “My grace is sufficient for you, for My strength is made perfect in weakness.” Therefore most gladly I will rather boast in my infirmities, that the power of Christ may rest upon me.

That’s being made “well”.

Whatever He does, it is good.

No matter how He answers my prayer, when I trust Him, I will be okay.