Psalm 23

Sunday Morning Bible Study

October 12, 2003

Introduction

As believers, it’s interesting to note that the Bible doesn’t compare us to bears, which could be powerful and fearful creatures.  We aren’t compared to wise and cunning serpents.  We aren’t compared to the dangerous lion.  Instead we’re compared to sheep.

Sheep are pretty dumb creatures and they scare pretty easy.  I’ve heard of instances where one sheep went over a cliff, to be followed by another sheep, and another, until the whole flock went over the cliff. I read another story where a lady visited a shepherd with a small Pekinese puppy.  When the little dog got out of the car and started yapping, an entire flock of 300 sheep went nuts.

Some people have this notion that sheep are pretty self-sufficient.  Just put them out in a field and let them go.  But what happens on ranches run this way is total devastation.  The sheep will eat the grass down to the nubs, wear paths into gullies and ruin the place.  Sheep need a shepherd.

:1 The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want.

wantchacer – be without, be lacking, have a need

Lesson

Contentment

When He is our shepherd, we find contentment.
What does it take to make you happy?
(Phil 4:11-13 NASB)  Not that I speak from want; for I have learned to be content in whatever circumstances I am. {12} I know how to get along with humble means, and I also know how to live in prosperity; in any and every circumstance I have learned the secret of being filled and going hungry, both of having abundance and suffering need. {13} I can do all things through Him who strengthens me.
There is a secret to being content.  It’s not about getting the next “big thing”.  It’s allowing God to be your Shepherd.  It’s letting Him lead you.
Phillip Keller (1920-1997) was born in East Africa and trained in agriculture. He worked as an agricultural development specialist, wildlife photographer and naturalist.  From his many years as both a shepherd and sheep ranch manager, he wrote a little book called, “A Shepherd Looks at Psalm 23”. He writes about the discontented sheep,
“She was one of the most attractive sheep that ever belonged to me. Her body was beautifully proportioned. She had a strong constitution and an excellent coat of wool. Her head was clean, alert, well-set with bright eyes.  She bore sturdy lambs that matured rapidly. But despite all these attractive attributes she  had one pronounced fault.  She was restless – discontented – a fence crawler. So much so that I came to call her “Mrs. Gad-about”. This one ewe produced more problems for me than almost all the rest of the flock combined.  No matter what field or pasture the sheep were in, she would search all along the fences or shoreline (we lived by the sea) looking for a loophole she could crawl through and start to feed on the other side. It was not that she lacked pasturage.  My fields were my joy and delight. No sheep in the district had better grazing.  With “Mrs. Gad-about” it was an ingrained habit. She was simply never contented with things as they were. Often when she had forced her way through some such spot in a fence or found a way around the end of the wire at low tide on the beaches, she would end up feeding on bare, brown, burned-up pasturage of a most inferior sort.  But she never learned her lesson and continued to fence crawl time after time.  Now it would have been bad enough if she was the only one who did this. It was a sufficient problem to find her and bring her back. But the further point was that she taught her lambs the same tricks. They simply followed her example and soon were as skilled at escaping as their mother.  Even worse, however, was the example she set the other sheep. In a short time she began to lead others through the same holes and over the same dangerous paths down by the sea.  After putting up with her perverseness for a summer I finally came to the conclusion that to save the rest of the flock from becoming unsettled, she would have to go. I could not allow one obstinate, discontented ewe to ruin the whole ranch operation.  It was a difficult decision to make, for I loved her in the same way I loved the rest. Her strength and beauty and alertness were a delight to the eye.  But one morning I took the killing knife in hand and butchered her. Her career of fence crawling was cut short.  It was the only solution to the dilemma.

There is no better place than being in the Lord’s pastures.

:2 He maketh me to lie down in green pastures:

Sheep tend to be found in dry, arid countries.  Green pastures aren’t always a common thing for sheep.  It’s up to the shepherd to either provide a field that has been cultivated for their food, or to take them to a field that’s green.  This is what makes for the healthiest sheep.

Our Shepherd knows how to take care of us.  We too have the best of pastures to feed in.  God’s Word.

:2 he leadeth me beside the still waters.

One source of good water for sheep is found in the dew each morning.  A sheep can go for months without actually drinking water if the shepherd gets the flock up to feed early in the morning when the grass leaves are covered with dew.

Lesson

Still waters

Early in the morning while the dew is still heavy.  Meet with the Lord and feast on His Word.
Illustration
A hymn writer, C. Austin Miles, wrote,
“I come to the garden alone, while the dew is still on the roses; and the voice I hear, falling on my ear, the Son of God discloses.
“He speaks, and the sound of His voice is so sweet the birds hush their singing; and the melody that He gave to me within my heart is ringing.
“I’d stay in the garden with Him tho the night around me be falling; but He bids me go—thru the voice of woe, His voice to me is calling.
“And He walks with me, and He talks with me, and He tells me I am His own, and the joy we share as we tarry there, none other has ever known.”[1]
Spend time with Him each day.  Feed.  Drink deep.

:3 He restoreth my soul:

restorethshuwb – (Polel) to bring back; to restore, refresh, repair

If a sheep rolls over on its back, it has a problem.  It won’t be able to get back up.  The English coined a term long ago to describe this.  They call it a “cast sheep”.

A “cast” sheep is in a dangerous position.  Helpless, it is easy prey for the predators.  Even without wolves, it will die if it doesn’t get turned upright.  If the sun is hot, it will die within a few hours.  If it’s cloudy weather, a sheep will last a few days before it dies.

Phillip Keller goes on to write,

A “cast” sheep is a very pathetic sight.  Lying on its back, its feet in the air, it flays away frantically struggling to stand up, without success.  Sometimes it will bleat a little for help, but generally it lies there lashing about in frightened frustration.  If the owner does not arrive on the scene within a reasonably short time, the sheep will die.  This is but another reason why it is so essential for a careful sheepman to look over his flock every day, counting them to see that all are able to be up and on their feet.  If one or two are missing, often the first thought to flash into his mind is, “One of my sheep is cast somewhere.  I must go in search and set it on its feet again.”

One particular ewe that I owned …was notorious for being a cast sheep.  Every spring when she became heavy in lamb it was not uncommon for her to become cast every second or third day.  Only my diligence made it possible for her to survive from one season to the next.  One year I had to be away from the ranch for a few days just when she was having her problems.  So I called my young son aside and told him he would be responsible for her well-being while I was absent.  If he managed to keep her on her feet until I came home he would be well paid for his efforts.  Every evening after school he went out to the field faithfully and set up the old ewe so she could survive.  It was quite a task but she rewarded us with a fine pair of twin lambs that spring.

How does a sheep become “cast”?

One factor is weight.  If a sheep becomes too fat, it becomes weak and unable to keep upright.  A shepherd needs to change the diet of the sheep and give the flock more exercise.

Another factor is the coat.  If the wool becomes too long, the weight of the wool along with the dirt and bugs that get caught in the wool will help to weigh down a sheep and pull it over.  The shepherd needs to shear the sheep.

This is an interesting picture of how we too get too tangled in the things of the world and sometimes our own “worldliness” ends up flipping us on our back.

(Heb 12:1 KJV)  Wherefore seeing we also are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which doth so easily beset us, and let us run with patience the race that is set before us,

Lesson

Let Him turn you over

The Shepherd doesn’t want to leave you laying there on your back.
He knows that if you don’t turn around you will die.  Perhaps you need a haircut.

:4 Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death,  I will fear no evil:  for thou art with me;

It’s at this point that the language of the Psalm changes.  Instead of talking about God in the third person (“He leadeth me …”), God is now being talked to “for thou art with me”.

There is a reason for this.  This is the place in the Psalm that begins to describe a shepherd’s journey with his flock to the mountain pastures.

It is a common thing for flocks to be taken to mountains during the summer where they can feed on fresh grass and drink from mountain springs.

During this time the shepherd leaves his home and journeys with the flock to the highlands.

Lesson

The way to the heights is through the valleys

As Christians we want to go “farther” with God.  We want to stand on the mountaintop.  Yet the way to the mountains is through the valleys.
Though the valleys can be scary, a shepherd knows that these are the best paths to take a flock to the mountains.  The paths are gentler and easier on the flocks than other paths to the mountains.  The valleys have better grazing and more water than other paths.
You may be wondering why you’re going through such low times, yet perhaps it’s because the Shepherd is taking you to the mountains.

Lesson

God is in the valley

It’s the journey through the valley when we’re closest to God (thou art with me)
When Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego were thrown into the fiery furnace (Dan. 3), they weren’t alone.  Jesus was with them.
(Isa 43:2 KJV)  When thou passest through the waters, I will be with thee; and through the rivers, they shall not overflow thee: when thou walkest through the fire, thou shalt not be burned; neither shall the flame kindle upon thee.
You don’t have to be afraid of the valley. You don’t even have to rush through the valley.  You can walk through it.  You’re not alone.

:4  thy rod and thy staff they comfort me.

As a Shepherd accompanied his flock, he only took a few things with him.

The rod was something of a weapon for the shepherd.  As a young boy he would find a sapling, cut it down, and fashion his own club out of it.  The rod was a shepherd’s pride and joy. Shepherds were experts at throwing these weapons great distances with great accuracy.

The rod was used both for discipline and correction.  If a sheep was starting to go astray, to eat something poisonous, or do something stupid, it would get a whack with the rod to put it back in line.

The rod was also used to beat off predators.  When David said he’d fought a lion and a bear, it would have been with his rod.

Perhaps this could be a picture of God’s Word.  It corrects us.  It also protects us.

The staff was a long stick that served as something a shepherd could lean on while traveling, but also as a way of directing the sheep.  It usually had a curved crook at one end that the shepherd used to pull or direct sheep.  If a shepherd had a special sheep, he would often walk with his staff resting against the sheep as a way of making a connection with it.  If a shepherd needed to get a closer look at a sheep, he’d draw the sheep to himself with the staff.

Perhaps the staff could be a picture of the Holy Spirit, how He comes alongside us to bring us comfort, guide us, and draw us closer to God.  He is called the “Comforter”.

:5 Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies:

Mr. Keller suggests that this describes the mountaintops, the high lands to which the shepherd has taken his sheep for the summer. In North America, we name the mountaintops “mesas”, or “table-tops”.  Other cultures have similar names.

A good shepherd will go ahead of his flock and prepare these mountain meadows for his flock.  He will clear out the poisonous weeds so the flock doesn’t get sick eating the wrong stuff.  He will clear out the springs so the flock can drink.

A shepherd will also keep his eye out for the predators in these mountaintop meadows.  The predators look for the stray sheep.  The safest place for the sheep was to be closest to the shepherd.

God has also prepared another Table for us.

We will share in Communion today.  This was a table prepared for us when Jesus went to the Cross to die for our sins.  His body was broken as our sins were heaped upon Him.  He shed His blood to pay for our sins.  He has provided the Bread of life through the table He has prepared.

:5 thou anointest my head with oil;

There are a couple of reasons why a shepherd would put oil on the head of his sheep.

There were bugs.  As the sheep arrive at the tablelands in the summer season, the bugs begin to attack.  Sheep can be driven absolutely crazy by insects.  A shepherd will carry a mixture of oil, sulphur, and spices, and smother the heads of the sheep with the ointment to keep the bugs away.  The sheep are quieted immediately.

There was a disease where scabs formed on the heads of the sheep and was passed from sheep to sheep through rubbing up against each other.  The ointment stopped the spread of disease.

There was also the head butting.  As the summer season began to wind down and the bugs went away, the sheep began butt heads to gain position in the flock.  One of the ways of keeping the sheep from killing each other was to smother their heads with grease.  When the rams try to butt heads, they just slide off of each other.

Lesson

People problems

All of these situations remind us of how much trouble other people bring into our lives.
Sometimes people just “bug” us.  Sometimes we catch the wrong thing by rubbing with people.  Sometimes we’re just butting heads with people.
The answer in these situations is the “anointing”, the work of the Holy Spirit.  He is the one who produces things in our lives like:
(Gal 5:22-23 KJV)  But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, {23} Meekness, temperance: against such there is no law.
These are the attitudes that resolve our problems.  It requires that we learn to die to ourselves and stop trying to butt heads with others.  It requires that we come to Him and ask Him to work in us.

:6 Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life:

This may be talking about the goodness and mercy God gives us, but I wonder if this verse might not be talking about the kinds of things that our lives produce.

When sheep are mismanaged, they can destroy a ranch.  But if they are cared for by a good shepherd, they are considered the best of all animals.

Their manure is considered the best balanced of any domestic stock.  It can turn around a sickly pasture and make it healthy again.  Sheep like to eat all kinds of plants, including weeds that can destroy a field.  Ancient literature refers to sheep as having “golden hooves” because of how they can transform a piece of land, if managed properly.
In other words, good stuff can “follow” a flock.

Lesson

What follows your life?

What kinds of things are left in your wake as you pass through life?
“Do I leave behind goodness – or garbage?”
“Do I leave behind mercy – or misery?”

:6 and I will dwell in the house of the LORD for ever.

Two fields stand side by side.  One field is run by a fellow who steals, kills and destroys.  His flock is always hungry, overrun by insects, disease, and is a prey to wild animals.

On the other side of the fence is the field of the Good Shepherd.  He’s just brought his flock back from their summer in the mountains. Which field are you in?



[1]Osbeck, K. W. (1990). Amazing grace : 366 inspiring hymn stories for daily devotions. Includes indexes. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Kregel Publications.